مميز : Best English Essays | أفضل تقارير إنجليزيه - متجدد - الصفحة 3

~~Pink-Heart~~ · 01-19-2008, 04:50 PM

yslmo0o0o brother 3l reports __DEFINE_LIKE_SHARE__

أحلى شامسيه · 01-20-2008, 10:41 PM

تسلم ع التقارير __DEFINE_LIKE_SHARE__

ToX!c · 01-21-2008, 02:00 AM

Deserts cover about one fifth of the Earth's surface and occur where rainfall is less than 50 cm/year. Although most deserts, such as the Sahara of North Africa and the deserts of the southwestern U.S., Mexico, and Australia, occur at low latitudes, another kind of desert, cold deserts, occur in the basin and range area of Utah and Nevada and in parts of western Asia. Most deserts have a considerable amount of specialized vegetation, as well as specialized vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Soils often have abundant nutrients because they need only water to become very productive and have little or no organic matter. Disturbances are common in the form of occasional fires or cold weather, and sudden, infrequent, but intense rains that cause flooding.

There are relatively few large mammals in deserts because most are not capable of storing sufficient water and withstanding the heat. Deserts often provide little $$$$ter from the sun for large animals. The dominant animals of warm deserts are nonmammalian vertebrates, such as reptiles. Mammals are usually small, like the kangaroo mice of North American deserts.
Desert biomes can be classified according to several characteristics.
There are four major types of deserts:
• Hot and dry
• Semiarid
• Coastal
• Cold
Hot and dry desert
The four major North American deserts of this type are the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, Mojave and Great Basin. Others outside the U.S. include the Southern Asian realm, Neotropical (South and Central America), Ethiopian (Africa) and Australian.
The seasons are generally warm throughout the year and very hot in the summer. The winters usually bring little rainfall.

From left: Baja, Mexico desert; desert in Uluru National Park, Australia; desert near the Kofa Mountains, Arizona.
Temperatures exhibit daily extremes because the atmosphere contains little humidity to block the Sun's rays. Desert surfaces receive a little more than twice the solar radiation received by humid regions and lose almost twice as much heat at night. Many mean annual temperatures range from 20-25° C. The extreme maximum ranges from 43.5-49° C. Minimum temperatures sometimes drop to -18° C.
Rainfall is usually very low and/or concentrated in short bursts between long rainless periods. Evaporation rates regularly exceed rainfall rates. Sometimes rain starts falling and evaporates before reaching the ground. Rainfall is lowest on the Atacama Desert of Chile, where it averages less than 1.5 cm. Some years are even rainless. Inland Sahara also receives less than 1.5 cm a year. Rainfall in American deserts is higher — almost 28 cm a year.
Soils are course-$$$$ured, shallow, rocky or gravely with good drainage and have no subsurface water. They are coarse because there is less chemical weathering. The finer dust and sand particles are blown elsewhere, leaving heavier pieces behind.
Canopy in most deserts is very rare. Plants are mainly ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees. Leaves are "replete" (fully supported with nutrients) with water-conserving characteristics. They tend to be small, thick and covered with a thick cuticle (outer layer). In the cacti, the leaves are much-reduced (to spines) and photosynthetic activity is restricted to the stems. Some plants open their stomata (microscopic openings in the epidermis of leaves that allow for gas exchange) only at night when evaporation rates are lowest. These plants include: yuccas, ocotillo, turpentine bush, prickly pears, false mesquite, sotol, ephedras, agaves and brittlebush.
The animals include small nocturnal (active at night) carnivores. The dominant animals are burrowers and kangaroo rats. There are also insects, arachnids, reptiles and birds. The animals stay inactive in protected hideaways during the hot day and come out to forage at dusk, dawn or at night, when the desert is cooler.
Semiarid desert
The major deserts of this type include the sagebrush of Utah, Montana and Great Basin. They also include the Nearctic realm (North America, Newfoundland, Greenland, Russia, Europe and northern Asia).
The summers are moderately long and dry, and like hot deserts, the winters normally bring low concentrations of rainfall. Summer temperatures usually average between 21-27° C. It normally does not go above 38° C and evening temperatures are cool, at around 10° C. Cool nights help $$$$ plants and animals by reducing moisture loss from transpiration, sweating and breathing. Furthermore, condensation of dew caused by night cooling may equal or exceed the rainfall received by some deserts. As in the hot desert, rainfall is often very low and/or concentrated. The average rainfall ranges from 2-4 cm annually.

From left: Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, southern Nevada; sagebrush near Bridger, Montana; Castle Valley, Utah, east of Arches National Park.
The soil can range from sandy and fine-$$$$ured to loose rock fragments, gravel or sand. It has a fairly low salt concentration, compared to deserts which receive a lot of rain (acquiring higher salt concentrations as a result). In areas such as mountain slopes, the soil is shallow, rocky or gravely with good drainage. In the upper bajada (lower slopes) they are coarse-$$$$ured, rocky, well-drained and partly "laid by rock bench." In the lower bajada (bottom land) the soil is sandy and fine-$$$$ured, often with "caliche hardpan." In each case there is no subsurface water.
The spiny nature of many plants in semiarid deserts provides protection in a hazardous environment. The large numbers of spines shade the surface enough to significantly reduce transpiration. The same may be true of the hairs on the woolly desert plants. Many plants have silvery or glossy leaves, allowing them to reflect more radiant energy. These plants often have an unfavorable odor or taste. Semiarid plants include: Creosote bush, bur sage (Franseria dumosa or F. deltoidea), white thorn, cat claw, mesquite, brittle bushes (Encelia farinosa), lyciums, and jujube.
During the day, insects move around twigs to stay on the shady side; jack rabbits follow the moving shadow of a cactus or shrub. Naturally, many animals find protection in underground burrows where they are insulated from $$$$ heat and aridity. These animals include mammals such as the kangaroo rats, rabbits, and skunks; insects like grasshoppers and ants; reptiles are represented by lizards and snakes; and birds such as burrowing owls and the California thrasher.

Coastal desert
These deserts occur in moderately cool to warm areas such as the Nearctic and Neotropical realm. A good example is the Atacama of Chile.
The cool winters of coastal deserts are followed by moderately long, warm summers. The average summer temperature ranges from 13-24° C; winter temperatures are 5° C or below. The maximum annual temperature is about 35° C and the minimum is about -4° C. In Chile, the temperature ranges from -2 to 5° C in July and 21-25° C in January.
The average rainfall measures 8-13 cm in many areas. The maximum annual precipitation over a long period of years has been 37 cm with a minimum of 5 cm.
The soil is fine-$$$$ured with a moderate salt $$$$$$$. It is fairly porous with good drainage. Some plants have extensive root systems close to the surface where they can take advantage of any rain showers. All of the plants with thick and fleshy leaves or stems can take in large quantities of water when it is available and store it for future use. In some plants, the surfaces are corrugated with longitudinal ridges and grooves. When water is available, the stem swells so that the grooves are shallow and the ridges far apart. As the water is used, the stem shrinks so that the grooves are deep and ridges close together. The plants living in this type of desert include the salt bush, buckwheat bush, black bush, rice grass, little leaf horsebrush, black sage, and chrysothamnus.
Some animals have specialized adaptations for dealing with the desert heat and lack of water. Some toads seal themselves in burrows with gelatinous secretions and remain inactive for eight or nine months until a heavy rain occurs. Amphibians that pass through larval stages have accelerated life cycles, which improves their chances of reaching maturity before the waters evaporate. Some insects lay eggs that remain dormant until the environmental conditions are suitable for hatching. The fairy shrimps also lay dormant eggs. Other animals include: insects, mammals (coyote and badger), amphibians (toads), birds (great horned owl, golden eagle and the bald eagle), and reptiles (lizards and snakes).
Cold desert

Lichen growing on Torgerson Island, Antarctica; kangaroo rat.
These deserts are characterized by cold winters with snowfall and high overall rainfall throughout the winter and occasionally over the summer. They occur in the Antarctic, Greenland and the Nearctic realm. They have short, moist, and moderately warm summers with fairly long, cold winters. The mean winter temperature is between -2 to 4° C and the mean summer temperature is between 21-26° C.
The winters receive quite a bit of snow. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 15-26 cm. Annual precipitation has reached a maximum of 46 cm and a minimum of 9 cm. The heaviest rainfall of the spring is usually in April or May. In some areas, rainfall can be heavy in autumn. The soil is heavy, silty, and salty. It contains alluvial fans where soil is relatively porous and drainage is good so that most of the salt has been leached out.
The plants are widely scattered. In areas of shadscale, about 10 percent of the ground is covered, but in some areas of sagebush it approaches 85 percent. Plant heights vary between 15 cm and 122 cm. The main plants are deciduous, most having spiny leaves. Widely distributed animals are jack rabbits, kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, pocket mice, grasshopper mice, and antelope ground squirrels. In areas like Utah, population density of these animals can range from 14-41 individuals per hectare. All except the jack rabbits are burrowers. The burrowing habit also applies to carnivores like the badger, kit fox, and coyote. Several lizards do some burrowing and moving of soil. Deer are found only in the winter __DEFINE_LIKE_SHARE__

ToX!c · 01-21-2008, 02:10 AM

First Day of School…

The summers over and it’s the night before my first day at Limavady High School. I had been excited all summer about going to school and now its tomorrow I don’t want to go. I’m so nervous; I can’t sleep from thinking about it. What if I don’t make any friends? What if I get lost? I keep tossing and turning and the next thing I knew I was asleep.

“Ring”, my alarm went of, it sounded like a billion car alarms going off around me. I tried to ignore it by putting my pillow over my head but then my mum came in and told me to get up and get ready. I finally got up and got dressed, my new uniform looked so strange on me, it made me feel all grown up. As I was walking to the kitchen I could smell cooking drifting down the hall, my mum had made me a special breakfast. I felt so guilty because I could barely eat the delicious food she had prepared especially for me. I was so nervous; it felt like a million butterflies flapping around in my stomach!

I tried to avoid everything, putting on my shoes, getting my school bag and took as long as I could walking to the car, just so I didn’t have to go to school. On the drive to school I saw lots of people wearing the same uniform as me and I couldn’t help but think will I get on with the other pupils. I got more nervous; I felt like jelly and was really warm, the closer we got to the school the worse I got. Then I looked and all I could see was LIMAVADY HIGH SCHOOL in big yellow writing! I got out and walked in all alone.

The walk to the school felt like a million miles, my legs felt like jelly and I just wanted to run back to the car. I kept staring back over my shoulder at my dad, and then I heard the car start and he drove off and left me all alone to face this new place all by myself. I felt so alone with no one to turn to.

“Jayne,” was all I heard going in the school gate. It was my best mate Vicky. It made me jump up with a big smile, but I was still nervous. I was scared no one would like me or the teachers would hate me. We walked on in anyway; I felt better having a friend with me. She seemed excited and hyper when I was nervous and scared. So many thoughts and worries were running around my head, am I the only one who is feeling this way? Why was she excited? Why isn’t she scared like me, is there something wrong with me?

Everyone was dashing past me, they all seemed to know where they were going. Was it just me who was lost and alone? I heard someone shout on Vicky and suddenly she was gone, I was alone again and getting worried. I had no idea where to go. A teacher came over to me, didn’t no what to do or what she was going to say. He told me where I was suppose to be, he must of new I didn’t understand what to do, so he walked down with me to the assembly hall.

I went into the assembly hall feeling really silly, everyone seemed to be with someone and chatting and laughing, I was sitting all by myself; I stood out like a sore thumb. The headmaster came and welcomed us all, everyone had been talking and when he walked in it was went quiet. I saw Vicky she stood out in the sea of faces to me because she was the one person I wanted to be with, so I rushed over to her and sat beside her, I crossed my fingers and hoped to be in her class and… I was there was a lot of people in my class, they all had big smiles and no one looked lost or worried like me.

The day went so fast, I met lots of new people, did lots of new things and my class was the nicest bunch of people I’d ever met. We walked in a big group to each different class and met some of our new teachers. At lunch some of my new friends and I sat together and talked about our old schools. “Ding”, the bell went, it was 3.20 already and I had a brilliant day. I still feel alone and I don’t know why, everyone’s so nice and happy, I hope tomorrow goes as well as today. __DEFINE_LIKE_SHARE__

ToX!c · 01-21-2008, 02:16 AM

The Gift

All my life I had always wanted a friend who I could have all to myself. Someone who would always devote all of their attention to me. It wasn’t until my sixth birthday that I found such a friend. I spotted him in a large metal cage in the cat room lying on his back, drooling. He grinned, as only a cat can, exposing his toothless gums and cat food breath to all as he uttered a pathetic “meow”. I was immensely impressed with this orange heap of fur that rubbed against the cage and I neared the fascinating creature in an attempt to make friends. I was afraid that somehow he would sense my anxiousness about how incredibly marvellous he appeared to be even though he was obviously lacking in traditional cat beauty. Bright green eyes stared into my small blue ones and begged for a touch, just one touch, like a death row inmate wishing for letters from anyone, just anyone to pass the time. My hand neared his head which I soon found out was dirty and oily from being neglected and I gently pressed my fingers between his striped ears. Purring, he squirmed for more, rubbing his head back and forth against the cage bars and “meowing” when I would stop for even a second.
He was unlike the other cats in the cat room that day, a unique face and eyes like a lion, staring me down. The other cats just played blissfully, unaware that I held the key to their freedom. This cat knew, he knew that the people who came in and out of his room everyday were not just there to pet his head in between glances at the other cats with whom he shared his space with. He somehow knew that I was there for a purpose and he wanted to be that purpose.

I let my eyes wonder to the other cats, young and old, that occupied the other kennels in the cat room but none of them even compared to the old, ragged bundle of joy that I had come across. This orange cat was different, he watched me fixatedly as I sauntered from cage to cage, eyeing up every cat that I touched. I just knew he was the one and that he would be the best birthday present I would ever receive.
Money can’t buy friendship, or so they say. Although how else was I to get this creature into my arms if I didn’t buy him first, we couldn’t be friends through a cage. He seemed to belong on the great plains of Africa stalking Impala with a pride of lions, not trapped between bars in an enclosure so small that it could only have been fit for a mouse. Although I couldn’t give him Africa I could at least give him an area larger then a cage to claim as his own and fifteen pounds could do just that.
I immediately raced over to my mother, ecstatic that I had found a friend so perfect in every way that all my other friends had been swept aside in my search for a soul mate. My mother seeing the smile which broadened across my whole face handed over the money that I needed in order to purchase this lonesome creature. I raced over to the the counter in the main entrance to the shelter without a second thought and quickly shuffled my new found friend into my mother’s car. While driving down the M4 and into London I ordered my mother to drive slowly, careful not to upset my companion who occupied the passenger seat in a sturdy cardboard carrier. After spending what had seemed like a lot longer than an hour travelling, we finally arrived home and as soon as his box had been opened he peaked out at his new surroundings, sniffing the air, then looking at me as if he was unsure of this new and exciting place. I mixed him up a plate of food in hope of offering a gesture of friendship and placed it on the floor near him. He made a few circles around the plate and several sniffs later he tucked into his first meal at home. I now felt that he was officially part of the family.

Sharing our days together is one of my most vivid childhood memories. With this friend there were no complaints about the world and its problems or arguments about what radio stations to listen to, just complete enjoyment of each others company, the whole purpose for friendship, without a single word.

Regrettably, some day all friendships have to come to an end however strong they are. Unfortunately for me our friendship ended exactly five years after it had first begun, on my eleventh birthday. I came home from school one day to find my mother wasn’t there to meet me. I remember thinking that it was incredibly impolite of her to desert me on such a special day. It wasn’t until she returned home a couple of hours later that I found out she had spent the day at the vets and that my cuddly, fluffy friend had tragically passed away.

Sadly I have never been able to find a cat that could replace him. All the other pets that I have looked at over the past four years haven’t even compared to him.

Perhaps in the distant future I will be able to find a cat which possesses similar qualities. He may not have been the cutest or the most adorable pet at the animal shelter that day but I certainly couldn’t have chosen a cat more perfect than him. __DEFINE_LIKE_SHARE__

المواضيع المتشابهه
الموضوع	كاتب الموضوع	المنتدى	مشاركات	آخر مشاركة
طلب برنامج قاموس oxford English English Dictionary	محروم.كوم	منتدى أخبار المواقع والمنتديات العربية والأجنبية	0	05-02-2010 03:11 PM
[Font] : خطوط إنجليزيه	محروم.كوم	منتدى أخبار المواقع والمنتديات العربية والأجنبية	0	06-23-2009 07:40 AM
\\ ®§©^™( تقارير عنــ افضلــ العابــ الـps3 + طلبات تقارير )™^©§® //	محروم.كوم	منتدى أخبار المواقع والمنتديات العربية والأجنبية	0	04-22-2009 12:10 AM
حصريا اخر اصدار من ثيم فيستا للاكس بى موضوع متجدد متجدد ومتميز ادخل بسرعة هناااااااا	محروم.كوم	منتدى أخبار المواقع والمنتديات العربية والأجنبية	0	04-14-2009 11:10 AM
مميز : Similar to the likes of Arab and English .. اجمل الامثال مترجمة	ToX!c	نادي محروم للغه الانجليزيه	5	06-14-2008 05:05 PM